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# pandas.DataFrame.melt

DataFrame.melt(id_vars=None, value_vars=None, var_name=None, value_name='value', col_level=None, ignore_index=True)

  Unpivot a DataFrame from wide to long format, optionally leaving identifiers set.

  This function is useful to massage a DataFrame into a format where one or more columns are identifier variables (id_vars), while all other columns, considered measured variables (value_vars), are “unpivoted” to the row axis, leaving just two non-identifier columns, ‘variable’ and ‘value’.

  Parameters:
    id_varsscalar, tuple, list, or ndarray, optional

      Column(s) to use as identifier variables.

    value_varsscalar, tuple, list, or ndarray, optional

      Column(s) to unpivot. If not specified, uses all columns that are not set as id_vars.

    var_namescalar, default None

      Name to use for the ‘variable’ column. If None it uses `frame.columns.name` or ‘variable’.

    value_namescalar, default ‘value’

      Name to use for the ‘value’ column, can’t be an existing column label.

    col_levelscalar, optional

      If columns are a MultiIndex then use this level to melt.

    ignore_indexbool, default True

      If True, original index is ignored. If False, the original index is retained. Index labels will be repeated as necessary.

  Returns:
    DataFrame

      Unpivoted DataFrame.

  See also

  `melt`

    Identical method.

  `pivot_table`

    Create a spreadsheet-style pivot table as a DataFrame.

  `DataFrame.pivot`

    Return reshaped DataFrame organized by given index / column values.

  `DataFrame.explode`

    Explode a DataFrame from list-like columns to long format.

  Notes

  Reference the user guide for more examples.

  Examples

      >>> df = pd.DataFrame({'A': {0: 'a', 1: 'b', 2: 'c'},
      ...                    'B': {0: 1, 1: 3, 2: 5},
      ...                    'C': {0: 2, 1: 4, 2: 6}})
      >>> df
         A  B  C
      0  a  1  2
      1  b  3  4
      2  c  5  6

      >>> df.melt(id_vars=['A'], value_vars=['B'])
         A variable  value
      0  a        B      1
      1  b        B      3
      2  c        B      5

      >>> df.melt(id_vars=['A'], value_vars=['B', 'C'])
         A variable  value
      0  a        B      1
      1  b        B      3
      2  c        B      5
      3  a        C      2
      4  b        C      4
      5  c        C      6

  The names of ‘variable’ and ‘value’ columns can be customized:

      >>> df.melt(id_vars=['A'], value_vars=['B'],
      ...         var_name='myVarname', value_name='myValname')
         A myVarname  myValname
      0  a         B          1
      1  b         B          3
      2  c         B          5

  Original index values can be kept around:

      >>> df.melt(id_vars=['A'], value_vars=['B', 'C'], ignore_index=False)
         A variable  value
      0  a        B      1
      1  b        B      3
      2  c        B      5
      0  a        C      2
      1  b        C      4
      2  c        C      6

  If you have multi-index columns:

      >>> df.columns = [list('ABC'), list('DEF')]
      >>> df
         A  B  C
         D  E  F
      0  a  1  2
      1  b  3  4
      2  c  5  6

      >>> df.melt(col_level=0, id_vars=['A'], value_vars=['B'])
         A variable  value
      0  a        B      1
      1  b        B      3
      2  c        B      5

      >>> df.melt(id_vars=[('A', 'D')], value_vars=[('B', 'E')])
        (A, D) variable_0 variable_1  value
      0      a          B          E      1
      1      b          B          E      3
      2      c          B          E      5