pandas.DataFrame.to_markdown¶

DataFrame.to_markdown(buf=None, mode='wt', index=True, storage_options=None, **kwargs)[source]¶

Print DataFrame in Markdown-friendly format.

New in version 1.0.0.

Parameters

bufstr, Path or StringIO-like, optional, default None: Buffer to write to. If None, the output is returned as a string.
modestr, optional: Mode in which file is opened, “wt” by default.
indexbool, optional, default True: Add index (row) labels.

New in version 1.1.0.
storage_optionsdict, optional: Extra options that make sense for a particular storage connection, e.g. host, port, username, password, etc. For HTTP(S) URLs the key-value pairs are forwarded to urllib as header options. For other URLs (e.g. starting with “s3://”, and “gcs://”) the key-value pairs are forwarded to fsspec. Please see fsspec and urllib for more details.

New in version 1.2.0.
**kwargs: These parameters will be passed to tabulate.

Returns

str: DataFrame in Markdown-friendly format.

Notes

Requires the tabulate package.

Examples

>>> s = pd.Series(["elk", "pig", "dog", "quetzal"], name="animal")
>>> print(s.to_markdown())
|    | animal   |
|---:|:---------|
|  0 | elk      |
|  1 | pig      |
|  2 | dog      |
|  3 | quetzal  |

Output markdown with a tabulate option.

>>> print(s.to_markdown(tablefmt="grid"))
+----+----------+
|    | animal   |
+====+==========+
|  0 | elk      |
+----+----------+
|  1 | pig      |
+----+----------+
|  2 | dog      |
+----+----------+
|  3 | quetzal  |
+----+----------+

pandas.DataFrame.to_json pandas.DataFrame.to_numpy