Series¶
Constructor¶
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One-dimensional ndarray with axis labels (including time series).  | 
Attributes¶
Axes
The index (axis labels) of the Series.  | 
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The ExtensionArray of the data backing this Series or Index.  | 
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Return Series as ndarray or ndarray-like depending on the dtype.  | 
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Return the dtype object of the underlying data.  | 
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Return a tuple of the shape of the underlying data.  | 
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Return the number of bytes in the underlying data.  | 
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Number of dimensions of the underlying data, by definition 1.  | 
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Return the number of elements in the underlying data.  | 
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Return the transpose, which is by definition self.  | 
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Return the memory usage of the Series.  | 
Return True if there are any NaNs.  | 
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Indicator whether Series/DataFrame is empty.  | 
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Return the dtype object of the underlying data.  | 
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Return the name of the Series.  | 
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Get the properties associated with this pandas object.  | 
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Return a new object with updated flags.  | 
Conversion¶
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Cast a pandas object to a specified dtype   | 
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Convert columns to best possible dtypes using dtypes supporting   | 
Attempt to infer better dtypes for object columns.  | 
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Make a copy of this object's indices and data.  | 
Return the bool of a single element Series or DataFrame.  | 
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A NumPy ndarray representing the values in this Series or Index.  | 
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Convert Series from DatetimeIndex to PeriodIndex.  | 
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Cast to DatetimeIndex of Timestamps, at beginning of period.  | 
Return a list of the values.  | 
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Return the values as a NumPy array.  | 
Indexing, iteration¶
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Get item from object for given key (ex: DataFrame column).  | 
Access a single value for a row/column label pair.  | 
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Access a single value for a row/column pair by integer position.  | 
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Access a group of rows and columns by label(s) or a boolean array.  | 
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Purely integer-location based indexing for selection by position.  | 
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Return an iterator of the values.  | 
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Lazily iterate over (index, value) tuples.  | 
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Lazily iterate over (index, value) tuples.  | 
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Return alias for index.  | 
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Return item and drops from series.  | 
Return the first element of the underlying data as a Python scalar.  | 
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Return cross-section from the Series/DataFrame.  | 
For more information on .at, .iat, .loc, and
.iloc,  see the indexing documentation.
Binary operator functions¶
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Return Addition of series and other, element-wise (binary operator add).  | 
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Return Subtraction of series and other, element-wise (binary operator sub).  | 
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Return Multiplication of series and other, element-wise (binary operator mul).  | 
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Return Floating division of series and other, element-wise (binary operator truediv).  | 
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Return Floating division of series and other, element-wise (binary operator truediv).  | 
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Return Integer division of series and other, element-wise (binary operator floordiv).  | 
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Return Modulo of series and other, element-wise (binary operator mod).  | 
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Return Exponential power of series and other, element-wise (binary operator pow).  | 
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Return Addition of series and other, element-wise (binary operator radd).  | 
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Return Subtraction of series and other, element-wise (binary operator rsub).  | 
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Return Multiplication of series and other, element-wise (binary operator rmul).  | 
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Return Floating division of series and other, element-wise (binary operator rtruediv).  | 
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Return Floating division of series and other, element-wise (binary operator rtruediv).  | 
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Return Integer division of series and other, element-wise (binary operator rfloordiv).  | 
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Return Modulo of series and other, element-wise (binary operator rmod).  | 
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Return Exponential power of series and other, element-wise (binary operator rpow).  | 
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Combine the Series with a Series or scalar according to func.  | 
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Update null elements with value in the same location in 'other'.  | 
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Round each value in a Series to the given number of decimals.  | 
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Return Less than of series and other, element-wise (binary operator lt).  | 
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Return Greater than of series and other, element-wise (binary operator gt).  | 
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Return Less than or equal to of series and other, element-wise (binary operator le).  | 
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Return Greater than or equal to of series and other, element-wise (binary operator ge).  | 
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Return Not equal to of series and other, element-wise (binary operator ne).  | 
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Return Equal to of series and other, element-wise (binary operator eq).  | 
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Return the product of the values over the requested axis.  | 
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Compute the dot product between the Series and the columns of other.  | 
Function application, GroupBy & window¶
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Invoke function on values of Series.  | 
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Aggregate using one or more operations over the specified axis.  | 
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Aggregate using one or more operations over the specified axis.  | 
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Call   | 
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Map values of Series according to an input mapping or function.  | 
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Group Series using a mapper or by a Series of columns.  | 
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Provide rolling window calculations.  | 
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Provide expanding window calculations.  | 
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Provide exponentially weighted (EW) calculations.  | 
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Apply chainable functions that expect Series or DataFrames.  | 
Computations / descriptive stats¶
Return a Series/DataFrame with absolute numeric value of each element.  | 
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Return whether all elements are True, potentially over an axis.  | 
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Return whether any element is True, potentially over an axis.  | 
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Compute the lag-N autocorrelation.  | 
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Return boolean Series equivalent to left <= series <= right.  | 
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Trim values at input threshold(s).  | 
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Compute correlation with other Series, excluding missing values.  | 
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Return number of non-NA/null observations in the Series.  | 
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Compute covariance with Series, excluding missing values.  | 
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Return cumulative maximum over a DataFrame or Series axis.  | 
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Return cumulative minimum over a DataFrame or Series axis.  | 
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Return cumulative product over a DataFrame or Series axis.  | 
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Return cumulative sum over a DataFrame or Series axis.  | 
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Generate descriptive statistics.  | 
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First discrete difference of element.  | 
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Encode the object as an enumerated type or categorical variable.  | 
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Return unbiased kurtosis over requested axis.  | 
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Return the mean absolute deviation of the values over the requested axis.  | 
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Return the maximum of the values over the requested axis.  | 
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Return the mean of the values over the requested axis.  | 
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Return the median of the values over the requested axis.  | 
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Return the minimum of the values over the requested axis.  | 
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Return the mode(s) of the Series.  | 
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Return the largest n elements.  | 
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Return the smallest n elements.  | 
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Percentage change between the current and a prior element.  | 
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Return the product of the values over the requested axis.  | 
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Return value at the given quantile.  | 
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Compute numerical data ranks (1 through n) along axis.  | 
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Return unbiased standard error of the mean over requested axis.  | 
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Return unbiased skew over requested axis.  | 
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Return sample standard deviation over requested axis.  | 
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Return the sum of the values over the requested axis.  | 
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Return unbiased variance over requested axis.  | 
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Return unbiased kurtosis over requested axis.  | 
Return unique values of Series object.  | 
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Return number of unique elements in the object.  | 
Return boolean if values in the object are unique.  | 
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Return boolean if values in the object are monotonic_increasing.  | 
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Alias for is_monotonic.  | 
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Return boolean if values in the object are monotonic_decreasing.  | 
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Return a Series containing counts of unique values.  | 
Reindexing / selection / label manipulation¶
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Align two objects on their axes with the specified join method.  | 
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Return Series with specified index labels removed.  | 
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Return Series/DataFrame with requested index / column level(s) removed.  | 
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Return Series with duplicate values removed.  | 
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Indicate duplicate Series values.  | 
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Test whether two objects contain the same elements.  | 
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Select initial periods of time series data based on a date offset.  | 
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Return the first n rows.  | 
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Return the row label of the maximum value.  | 
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Return the row label of the minimum value.  | 
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Whether elements in Series are contained in values.  | 
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Select final periods of time series data based on a date offset.  | 
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Conform Series to new index with optional filling logic.  | 
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Return an object with matching indices as other object.  | 
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Alter Series index labels or name.  | 
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Set the name of the axis for the index or columns.  | 
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Generate a new DataFrame or Series with the index reset.  | 
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Return a random sample of items from an axis of object.  | 
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Assign desired index to given axis.  | 
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Return the elements in the given positional indices along an axis.  | 
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Return the last n rows.  | 
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Truncate a Series or DataFrame before and after some index value.  | 
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Replace values where the condition is False.  | 
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Replace values where the condition is True.  | 
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Prefix labels with string prefix.  | 
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Suffix labels with string suffix.  | 
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Subset the dataframe rows or columns according to the specified index labels.  | 
Missing data handling¶
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Synonym for   | 
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Synonym for   | 
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Return a new Series with missing values removed.  | 
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Synonym for   | 
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Fill NA/NaN values using the specified method.  | 
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Fill NaN values using an interpolation method.  | 
Detect missing values.  | 
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Series.isnull is an alias for Series.isna.  | 
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Detect existing (non-missing) values.  | 
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Series.notnull is an alias for Series.notna.  | 
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Synonym for   | 
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Replace values given in to_replace with value.  | 
Reshaping, sorting¶
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Return the integer indices that would sort the Series values.  | 
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Return int position of the smallest value in the Series.  | 
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Return int position of the largest value in the Series.  | 
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Rearrange index levels using input order.  | 
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Sort by the values.  | 
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Sort Series by index labels.  | 
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Swap levels i and j in a   | 
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Unstack, also known as pivot, Series with MultiIndex to produce DataFrame.  | 
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Transform each element of a list-like to a row.  | 
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Find indices where elements should be inserted to maintain order.  | 
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Return the flattened underlying data as an ndarray.  | 
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Repeat elements of a Series.  | 
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Squeeze 1 dimensional axis objects into scalars.  | 
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Create a new view of the Series.  | 
Combining / comparing / joining / merging¶
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(DEPRECATED) Concatenate two or more Series.  | 
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Compare to another Series and show the differences.  | 
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Modify Series in place using values from passed Series.  | 
Accessors¶
pandas provides dtype-specific methods under various accessors.
These are separate namespaces within Series that only apply
to specific data types.
Data Type  | 
Accessor  | 
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Datetime, Timedelta, Period  | 
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String  | 
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Categorical  | 
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Sparse  | 
Datetimelike properties¶
Series.dt can be used to access the values of the series as
datetimelike and return several properties.
These can be accessed like Series.dt.<property>.
Datetime properties¶
Returns numpy array of python   | 
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Returns numpy array of   | 
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Returns numpy array of   | 
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The year of the datetime.  | 
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The month as January=1, December=12.  | 
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The day of the datetime.  | 
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The hours of the datetime.  | 
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The minutes of the datetime.  | 
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The seconds of the datetime.  | 
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The microseconds of the datetime.  | 
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The nanoseconds of the datetime.  | 
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(DEPRECATED) The week ordinal of the year.  | 
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(DEPRECATED) The week ordinal of the year.  | 
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The day of the week with Monday=0, Sunday=6.  | 
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The day of the week with Monday=0, Sunday=6.  | 
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The day of the week with Monday=0, Sunday=6.  | 
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The ordinal day of the year.  | 
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The ordinal day of the year.  | 
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The quarter of the date.  | 
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Indicates whether the date is the first day of the month.  | 
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Indicates whether the date is the last day of the month.  | 
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Indicator for whether the date is the first day of a quarter.  | 
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Indicator for whether the date is the last day of a quarter.  | 
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Indicate whether the date is the first day of a year.  | 
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Indicate whether the date is the last day of the year.  | 
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Boolean indicator if the date belongs to a leap year.  | 
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The number of days in the month.  | 
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The number of days in the month.  | 
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Return the timezone.  | 
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Return the frequency object for this PeriodArray.  | 
Datetime methods¶
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Cast to PeriodArray/Index at a particular frequency.  | 
Return the data as an array of   | 
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Localize tz-naive Datetime Array/Index to tz-aware Datetime Array/Index.  | 
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Convert tz-aware Datetime Array/Index from one time zone to another.  | 
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Convert times to midnight.  | 
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Convert to Index using specified date_format.  | 
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Perform round operation on the data to the specified freq.  | 
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Perform floor operation on the data to the specified freq.  | 
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Perform ceil operation on the data to the specified freq.  | 
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Return the month names of the DateTimeIndex with specified locale.  | 
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Return the day names of the DateTimeIndex with specified locale.  | 
Period properties¶
Timedelta properties¶
Number of days for each element.  | 
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Number of seconds (>= 0 and less than 1 day) for each element.  | 
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Number of microseconds (>= 0 and less than 1 second) for each element.  | 
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Number of nanoseconds (>= 0 and less than 1 microsecond) for each element.  | 
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Return a Dataframe of the components of the Timedeltas.  | 
Timedelta methods¶
Return an array of native   | 
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Return total duration of each element expressed in seconds.  | 
String handling¶
Series.str can be used to access the values of the series as
strings and apply several methods to it. These can be accessed like
Series.str.<function/property>.
Convert strings in the Series/Index to be capitalized.  | 
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Convert strings in the Series/Index to be casefolded.  | 
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Concatenate strings in the Series/Index with given separator.  | 
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Pad left and right side of strings in the Series/Index.  | 
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Test if pattern or regex is contained within a string of a Series or Index.  | 
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Count occurrences of pattern in each string of the Series/Index.  | 
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Decode character string in the Series/Index using indicated encoding.  | 
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Encode character string in the Series/Index using indicated encoding.  | 
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Test if the end of each string element matches a pattern.  | 
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Extract capture groups in the regex pat as columns in a DataFrame.  | 
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Extract capture groups in the regex pat as columns in DataFrame.  | 
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Return lowest indexes in each strings in the Series/Index.  | 
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Find all occurrences of pattern or regular expression in the Series/Index.  | 
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Determine if each string entirely matches a regular expression.  | 
Extract element from each component at specified position.  | 
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Return lowest indexes in each string in Series/Index.  | 
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Join lists contained as elements in the Series/Index with passed delimiter.  | 
Compute the length of each element in the Series/Index.  | 
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Pad right side of strings in the Series/Index.  | 
Convert strings in the Series/Index to lowercase.  | 
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Remove leading characters.  | 
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Determine if each string starts with a match of a regular expression.  | 
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Return the Unicode normal form for the strings in the Series/Index.  | 
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Pad strings in the Series/Index up to width.  | 
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Split the string at the first occurrence of sep.  | 
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Remove a prefix from an object series.  | 
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Remove a suffix from an object series.  | 
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Duplicate each string in the Series or Index.  | 
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Replace each occurrence of pattern/regex in the Series/Index.  | 
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Return highest indexes in each strings in the Series/Index.  | 
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Return highest indexes in each string in Series/Index.  | 
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Pad left side of strings in the Series/Index.  | 
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Split the string at the last occurrence of sep.  | 
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Remove trailing characters.  | 
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Slice substrings from each element in the Series or Index.  | 
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Replace a positional slice of a string with another value.  | 
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Split strings around given separator/delimiter.  | 
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Split strings around given separator/delimiter.  | 
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Test if the start of each string element matches a pattern.  | 
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Remove leading and trailing characters.  | 
Convert strings in the Series/Index to be swapcased.  | 
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Convert strings in the Series/Index to titlecase.  | 
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Map all characters in the string through the given mapping table.  | 
Convert strings in the Series/Index to uppercase.  | 
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Wrap strings in Series/Index at specified line width.  | 
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Pad strings in the Series/Index by prepending '0' characters.  | 
Check whether all characters in each string are alphanumeric.  | 
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Check whether all characters in each string are alphabetic.  | 
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Check whether all characters in each string are digits.  | 
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Check whether all characters in each string are whitespace.  | 
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Check whether all characters in each string are lowercase.  | 
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Check whether all characters in each string are uppercase.  | 
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Check whether all characters in each string are titlecase.  | 
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Check whether all characters in each string are numeric.  | 
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Check whether all characters in each string are decimal.  | 
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Return DataFrame of dummy/indicator variables for Series.  | 
Categorical accessor¶
Categorical-dtype specific methods and attributes are available under
the Series.cat accessor.
The categories of this categorical.  | 
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Whether the categories have an ordered relationship.  | 
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Return Series of codes as well as the index.  | 
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Rename categories.  | 
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Reorder categories as specified in new_categories.  | 
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Add new categories.  | 
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Remove the specified categories.  | 
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Remove categories which are not used.  | 
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Set the categories to the specified new_categories.  | 
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Set the Categorical to be ordered.  | 
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Set the Categorical to be unordered.  | 
Sparse accessor¶
Sparse-dtype specific methods and attributes are provided under the
Series.sparse accessor.
The number of non-   | 
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The percent of non-   | 
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Elements in data that are fill_value are not stored.  | 
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An ndarray containing the non-   | 
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Create a Series with sparse values from a scipy.sparse.coo_matrix.  | 
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Create a scipy.sparse.coo_matrix from a Series with MultiIndex.  | 
Flags¶
Flags refer to attributes of the pandas object. Properties of the dataset (like
the date is was recorded, the URL it was accessed from, etc.) should be stored
in Series.attrs.
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Flags that apply to pandas objects.  | 
Metadata¶
Series.attrs is a dictionary for storing global metadata for this Series.
Warning
Series.attrs is considered experimental and may change without warning.
Dictionary of global attributes of this dataset.  | 
Plotting¶
Series.plot is both a callable method and a namespace attribute for
specific plotting methods of the form Series.plot.<kind>.
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Series plotting accessor and method  | 
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Draw a stacked area plot.  | 
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Vertical bar plot.  | 
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Make a horizontal bar plot.  | 
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Make a box plot of the DataFrame columns.  | 
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Generate Kernel Density Estimate plot using Gaussian kernels.  | 
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Draw one histogram of the DataFrame's columns.  | 
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Generate Kernel Density Estimate plot using Gaussian kernels.  | 
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Plot Series or DataFrame as lines.  | 
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Generate a pie plot.  | 
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Draw histogram of the input series using matplotlib.  | 
Serialization / IO / conversion¶
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Pickle (serialize) object to file.  | 
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Write object to a comma-separated values (csv) file.  | 
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Convert Series to {label -> value} dict or dict-like object.  | 
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Write object to an Excel sheet.  | 
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Convert Series to DataFrame.  | 
Return an xarray object from the pandas object.  | 
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Write the contained data to an HDF5 file using HDFStore.  | 
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Write records stored in a DataFrame to a SQL database.  | 
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Convert the object to a JSON string.  | 
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Render a string representation of the Series.  | 
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Copy object to the system clipboard.  | 
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Render object to a LaTeX tabular, longtable, or nested table.  | 
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Print Series in Markdown-friendly format.  |