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# Version 0.7.0 (February 9, 2012)

## New features

- New unified merge function for efficiently performing full gamut of database / relational-algebra operations. Refactored existing join methods to use the new infrastructure, resulting in substantial performance gains (GH 220, GH 249, GH 267)

- New unified concatenation function for concatenating Series, DataFrame or Panel objects along an axis. Can form union or intersection of the other axes. Improves performance of `Series.append` and `DataFrame.append` (GH 468, GH 479, GH 273)

- Can pass multiple DataFrames to `DataFrame.append` to concatenate (stack) and multiple Series to `Series.append` too

- Can pass list of dicts (e.g., a list of JSON objects) to DataFrame constructor (GH 526)

- You can now set multiple columns in a DataFrame via `__getitem__`, useful for transformation (GH 342)

- Handle differently-indexed output values in `DataFrame.apply` (GH 498)

    In [1]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(10, 4))
    In [2]: df.apply(lambda x: x.describe())
    Out[2]:
                   0          1          2          3
    count  10.000000  10.000000  10.000000  10.000000
    mean    0.190912  -0.395125  -0.731920  -0.403130
    std     0.730951   0.813266   1.112016   0.961912
    min    -0.861849  -2.104569  -1.776904  -1.469388
    25%    -0.411391  -0.698728  -1.501401  -1.076610
    50%     0.380863  -0.228039  -1.191943  -1.004091
    75%     0.658444   0.057974  -0.034326   0.461706
    max     1.212112   0.577046   1.643563   1.071804

    [8 rows x 4 columns]

- Add `reorder_levels` method to Series and DataFrame (GH 534)

- Add dict-like `get` function to DataFrame and Panel (GH 521)

- Add `DataFrame.iterrows` method for efficiently iterating through the rows of a DataFrame

- Add `DataFrame.to_panel` with code adapted from `LongPanel.to_long`

- Add `reindex_axis` method added to DataFrame

- Add `level` option to binary arithmetic functions on `DataFrame` and `Series`

- Add `level` option to the `reindex` and `align` methods on Series and DataFrame for broadcasting values across a level (GH 542, GH 552, others)

- Add attribute-based item access to `Panel` and add IPython completion (GH 563)

- Add `logy` option to `Series.plot` for log-scaling on the Y axis

- Add `index` and `header` options to `DataFrame.to_string`

- Can pass multiple DataFrames to `DataFrame.join` to join on index (GH 115)

- Can pass multiple Panels to `Panel.join` (GH 115)

- Added `justify` argument to `DataFrame.to_string` to allow different alignment of column headers

- Add `sort` option to GroupBy to allow disabling sorting of the group keys for potential speedups (GH 595)

- Can pass MaskedArray to Series constructor (GH 563)

- Add Panel item access via attributes and IPython completion (GH 554)

- Implement `DataFrame.lookup`, fancy-indexing analogue for retrieving values given a sequence of row and column labels (GH 338)

- Can pass a list of functions to aggregate with groupby on a DataFrame, yielding an aggregated result with hierarchical columns (GH 166)

- Can call `cummin` and `cummax` on Series and DataFrame to get cumulative minimum and maximum, respectively (GH 647)

- `value_range` added as utility function to get min and max of a dataframe (GH 288)

- Added `encoding` argument to `read_csv`, `read_table`, `to_csv` and `from_csv` for non-ascii text (GH 717)

- Added `abs` method to pandas objects

- Added `crosstab` function for easily computing frequency tables

- Added `isin` method to index objects

- Added `level` argument to `xs` method of DataFrame.

## API changes to integer indexing

One of the potentially riskiest API changes in 0.7.0, but also one of the most important, was a complete review of how integer indexes are handled with regard to label-based indexing. Here is an example:

    In [3]: s = pd.Series(np.random.randn(10), index=range(0, 20, 2))
    In [4]: s
    Out[4]:
    0    -1.294524
    2     0.413738
    4     0.276662
    6    -0.472035
    8    -0.013960
    10   -0.362543
    12   -0.006154
    14   -0.923061
    16    0.895717
    18    0.805244
    Length: 10, dtype: float64

    In [5]: s[0]
    Out[5]: -1.2945235902555294

    In [6]: s[2]
    Out[6]: 0.41373810535784006

    In [7]: s[4]
    Out[7]: 0.2766617129497566

This is all exactly identical to the behavior before. However, if you ask for a key not contained in the Series, in versions 0.6.1 and prior, Series would fall back on a location-based lookup. This now raises a `KeyError`:

    In [2]: s[1]
    KeyError: 1

This change also has the same impact on DataFrame:

    In [3]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(8, 4), index=range(0, 16, 2))

    In [4]: df
        0        1       2       3
    0   0.88427  0.3363 -0.1787  0.03162
    2   0.14451 -0.1415  0.2504  0.58374
    4  -1.44779 -0.9186 -1.4996  0.27163
    6  -0.26598 -2.4184 -0.2658  0.11503
    8  -0.58776  0.3144 -0.8566  0.61941
    10  0.10940 -0.7175 -1.0108  0.47990
    12 -1.16919 -0.3087 -0.6049 -0.43544
    14 -0.07337  0.3410  0.0424 -0.16037

    In [5]: df.ix[3]
    KeyError: 3

In order to support purely integer-based indexing, the following methods have been added:

Method | Description
--- | ---
`Series.iget_value(i)` | Retrieve value stored at location `i`
`Series.iget(i)` | Alias for `iget_value`
`DataFrame.irow(i)` | Retrieve the `i`-th row
`DataFrame.icol(j)` | Retrieve the `j`-th column
`DataFrame.iget_value(i, j)` | Retrieve the value at row `i` and column `j`

## API tweaks regarding label-based slicing

Label-based slicing using `ix` now requires that the index be sorted (monotonic) unless both the start and endpoint are contained in the index:

    In [1]: s = pd.Series(np.random.randn(6), index=list('gmkaec'))

    In [2]: s
    Out[2]:
    g   -1.182230
    m   -0.276183
    k   -0.243550
    a    1.628992
    e    0.073308
    c   -0.539890
    dtype: float64

Then this is OK:

    In [3]: s.ix['k':'e']
    Out[3]:
    k   -0.243550
    a    1.628992
    e    0.073308
    dtype: float64

But this is not:

    In [12]: s.ix['b':'h']
    KeyError 'b'

If the index had been sorted, the “range selection” would have been possible:

    In [4]: s2 = s.sort_index()

    In [5]: s2
    Out[5]:
    a    1.628992
    c   -0.539890
    e    0.073308
    g   -1.182230
    k   -0.243550
    m   -0.276183
    dtype: float64

    In [6]: s2.ix['b':'h']
    Out[6]:
    c   -0.539890
    e    0.073308
    g   -1.182230
    dtype: float64

## Changes to Series `[]` operator

As as notational convenience, you can pass a sequence of labels or a label slice to a Series when getting and setting values via `[]` (i.e. the `__getitem__` and `__setitem__` methods). The behavior will be the same as passing similar input to `ix` except in the case of integer indexing:

    In [8]: s = pd.Series(np.random.randn(6), index=list('acegkm'))

    In [9]: s
    Out[9]:
    a   -1.206412
    c    2.565646
    e    1.431256
    g    1.340309
    k   -1.170299
    m   -0.226169
    Length: 6, dtype: float64

    In [10]: s[['m', 'a', 'c', 'e']]
    Out[10]:
    m   -0.226169
    a   -1.206412
    c    2.565646
    e    1.431256
    Length: 4, dtype: float64

    In [11]: s['b':'l']
    Out[11]:
    c    2.565646
    e    1.431256
    g    1.340309
    k   -1.170299
    Length: 4, dtype: float64

    In [12]: s['c':'k']
    Out[12]:
    c    2.565646
    e    1.431256
    g    1.340309
    k   -1.170299
    Length: 4, dtype: float64

In the case of integer indexes, the behavior will be exactly as before (shadowing `ndarray`):

    In [13]: s = pd.Series(np.random.randn(6), index=range(0, 12, 2))

    In [14]: s[[4, 0, 2]]
    Out[14]:
    4    0.132003
    0    0.410835
    2    0.813850
    Length: 3, dtype: float64

    In [15]: s[1:5]
    Out[15]:
    2    0.813850
    4    0.132003
    6   -0.827317
    8   -0.076467
    Length: 4, dtype: float64

If you wish to do indexing with sequences and slicing on an integer index with label semantics, use `ix`.

## Other API changes

- The deprecated `LongPanel` class has been completely removed

- If `Series.sort` is called on a column of a DataFrame, an exception will now be raised. Before it was possible to accidentally mutate a DataFrame’s column by doing `df[col].sort()` instead of the side-effect free method `df[col].order()` (GH 316)

- Miscellaneous renames and deprecations which will (harmlessly) raise `FutureWarning`

- `drop` added as an optional parameter to `DataFrame.reset_index` (GH 699)

## Performance improvements

- Cythonized GroupBy aggregations no longer presort the data, thus achieving a significant speedup (GH 93). GroupBy aggregations with Python functions significantly sped up by clever manipulation of the ndarray data type in Cython (GH 496).

- Better error message in DataFrame constructor when passed column labels don’t match data (GH 497)

- Substantially improve performance of multi-GroupBy aggregation when a Python function is passed, reuse ndarray object in Cython (GH 496)

- Can store objects indexed by tuples and floats in HDFStore (GH 492)

- Don’t print length by default in Series.to_string, add `length` option (GH 489)

- Improve Cython code for multi-groupby to aggregate without having to sort the data (GH 93)

- Improve MultiIndex reindexing speed by storing tuples in the MultiIndex, test for backwards unpickling compatibility

- Improve column reindexing performance by using specialized Cython take function

- Further performance tweaking of Series.__getitem__ for standard use cases

- Avoid Index dict creation in some cases (i.e. when getting slices, etc.), regression from prior versions

- Friendlier error message in setup.py if NumPy not installed

- Use common set of NA-handling operations (sum, mean, etc.) in Panel class also (GH 536)

- Default name assignment when calling `reset_index` on DataFrame with a regular (non-hierarchical) index (GH 476)

- Use Cythonized groupers when possible in Series/DataFrame stat ops with `level` parameter passed (GH 545)

- Ported skiplist data structure to C to speed up `rolling_median` by about 5-10x in most typical use cases (GH 374)

## Contributors

A total of 18 people contributed patches to this release. People with a “+” by their names contributed a patch for the first time.

- Adam Klein

- Bayle Shanks +

- Chris Billington +

- Dieter Vandenbussche

- Fabrizio Pollastri +

- Graham Taylor +

- Gregg Lind +

- Josh Klein +

- Luca Beltrame

- Olivier Grisel +

- Skipper Seabold

- Thomas Kluyver

- Thomas Wiecki +

- Wes McKinney

- Wouter Overmeire

- Yaroslav Halchenko

- fabriziop +

- theandygross +