pandas.DataFrame.pipe

DataFrame.pipe(self, func, *args, **kwargs)

Apply func(self, *args, **kwargs).

Parameters

funcfunction

Function to apply to the Series/DataFrame. args, and kwargs are passed into func. Alternatively a (callable, data_keyword) tuple where data_keyword is a string indicating the keyword of callable that expects the Series/DataFrame.

argsiterable, optional

Positional arguments passed into func.

kwargsmapping, optional

A dictionary of keyword arguments passed into func.

Returns

objectthe return type of func.

See also

DataFrame.apply

DataFrame.applymap

Series.map

Notes

Use .pipe when chaining together functions that expect Series, DataFrames or GroupBy objects. Instead of writing

>>> f(g(h(df), arg1=a), arg2=b, arg3=c)

You can write

>>> (df.pipe(h)
...    .pipe(g, arg1=a)
...    .pipe(f, arg2=b, arg3=c)
... )

If you have a function that takes the data as (say) the second argument, pass a tuple indicating which keyword expects the data. For example, suppose f takes its data as arg2:

>>> (df.pipe(h)
...    .pipe(g, arg1=a)
...    .pipe((f, 'arg2'), arg1=a, arg3=c)
...  )

pandas.DataFrame.pct_change pandas.DataFrame.pivot