pandas.DataFrame.to_string

DataFrame.to_string(buf=None, columns=None, col_space=None, header=True, index=True, na_rep='NaN', formatters=None, float_format=None, sparsify=None, index_names=True, justify=None, max_rows=None, min_rows=None, max_cols=None, show_dimensions=False, decimal='.', line_width=None, max_colwidth=None, encoding=None)[source]

Render a DataFrame to a console-friendly tabular output.

Parameters
bufstr, Path or StringIO-like, optional, default None

Buffer to write to. If None, the output is returned as a string.

columnssequence, optional, default None

The subset of columns to write. Writes all columns by default.

col_spaceint, list or dict of int, optional

The minimum width of each column.

headerbool or sequence, optional

Write out the column names. If a list of strings is given, it is assumed to be aliases for the column names.

indexbool, optional, default True

Whether to print index (row) labels.

na_repstr, optional, default ‘NaN’

String representation of NaN to use.

formatterslist, tuple or dict of one-param. functions, optional

Formatter functions to apply to columns’ elements by position or name. The result of each function must be a unicode string. List/tuple must be of length equal to the number of columns.

float_formatone-parameter function, optional, default None

Formatter function to apply to columns’ elements if they are floats. This function must return a unicode string and will be applied only to the non-NaN elements, with NaN being handled by na_rep.

Changed in version 1.2.0.

sparsifybool, optional, default True

Set to False for a DataFrame with a hierarchical index to print every multiindex key at each row.

index_namesbool, optional, default True

Prints the names of the indexes.

justifystr, default None

How to justify the column labels. If None uses the option from the print configuration (controlled by set_option), ‘right’ out of the box. Valid values are

  • left

  • right

  • center

  • justify

  • justify-all

  • start

  • end

  • inherit

  • match-parent

  • initial

  • unset.

max_rowsint, optional

Maximum number of rows to display in the console.

min_rowsint, optional

The number of rows to display in the console in a truncated repr (when number of rows is above max_rows).

max_colsint, optional

Maximum number of columns to display in the console.

show_dimensionsbool, default False

Display DataFrame dimensions (number of rows by number of columns).

decimalstr, default ‘.’

Character recognized as decimal separator, e.g. ‘,’ in Europe.

line_widthint, optional

Width to wrap a line in characters.

max_colwidthint, optional

Max width to truncate each column in characters. By default, no limit.

New in version 1.0.0.

encodingstr, default “utf-8”

Set character encoding.

New in version 1.0.

Returns
str or None

If buf is None, returns the result as a string. Otherwise returns None.

See also

to_html

Convert DataFrame to HTML.

Examples

>>> d = {'col1': [1, 2, 3], 'col2': [4, 5, 6]}
>>> df = pd.DataFrame(d)
>>> print(df.to_string())
   col1  col2
0     1     4
1     2     5
2     3     6
pandas.DataFrame.to_records pandas.DataFrame.to_timestamp