pandas.DataFrame.to_records#

DataFrame.to_records(index=True, column_dtypes=None, index_dtypes=None)[source]#

Convert DataFrame to a NumPy record array.

Index will be included as the first field of the record array if requested.

Parameters

indexbool, default True

Include index in resulting record array, stored in ‘index’ field or using the index label, if set.

column_dtypesstr, type, dict, default None

If a string or type, the data type to store all columns. If a dictionary, a mapping of column names and indices (zero-indexed) to specific data types.

index_dtypesstr, type, dict, default None

If a string or type, the data type to store all index levels. If a dictionary, a mapping of index level names and indices (zero-indexed) to specific data types.

This mapping is applied only if index=True.

Returns

numpy.recarray: NumPy ndarray with the DataFrame labels as fields and each row of the DataFrame as entries.

See also

DataFrame.from_records: Convert structured or record ndarray to DataFrame.
numpy.recarray: An ndarray that allows field access using attributes, analogous to typed columns in a spreadsheet.

Examples

>>> df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2], 'B': [0.5, 0.75]},
...                   index=['a', 'b'])
>>> df
   A     B
a  1  0.50
b  2  0.75
>>> df.to_records()
rec.array([('a', 1, 0.5 ), ('b', 2, 0.75)],
          dtype=[('index', 'O'), ('A', '<i8'), ('B', '<f8')])

If the DataFrame index has no label then the recarray field name is set to ‘index’. If the index has a label then this is used as the field name:

>>> df.index = df.index.rename("I")
>>> df.to_records()
rec.array([('a', 1, 0.5 ), ('b', 2, 0.75)],
          dtype=[('I', 'O'), ('A', '<i8'), ('B', '<f8')])

The index can be excluded from the record array:

>>> df.to_records(index=False)
rec.array([(1, 0.5 ), (2, 0.75)],
          dtype=[('A', '<i8'), ('B', '<f8')])

Data types can be specified for the columns:

>>> df.to_records(column_dtypes={"A": "int32"})
rec.array([('a', 1, 0.5 ), ('b', 2, 0.75)],
          dtype=[('I', 'O'), ('A', '<i4'), ('B', '<f8')])

As well as for the index:

>>> df.to_records(index_dtypes="<S2")
rec.array([(b'a', 1, 0.5 ), (b'b', 2, 0.75)],
          dtype=[('I', 'S2'), ('A', '<i8'), ('B', '<f8')])

>>> index_dtypes = f"<S{df.index.str.len().max()}"
>>> df.to_records(index_dtypes=index_dtypes)
rec.array([(b'a', 1, 0.5 ), (b'b', 2, 0.75)],
          dtype=[('I', 'S1'), ('A', '<i8'), ('B', '<f8')])