pandas.DataFrame.to_markdown

DataFrame.to_markdown(buf=None, mode='wt', index=True, storage_options=None, **kwargs)[source]

Print DataFrame in Markdown-friendly format.

New in version 1.0.0.

Parameters
bufstr, Path or StringIO-like, optional, default None

Buffer to write to. If None, the output is returned as a string.

modestr, optional

Mode in which file is opened, “wt” by default.

indexbool, optional, default True

Add index (row) labels.

New in version 1.1.0.

storage_optionsdict, optional

Extra options that make sense for a particular storage connection, e.g. host, port, username, password, etc. For HTTP(S) URLs the key-value pairs are forwarded to urllib as header options. For other URLs (e.g. starting with “s3://”, and “gcs://”) the key-value pairs are forwarded to fsspec. Please see fsspec and urllib for more details.

New in version 1.2.0.

**kwargs

These parameters will be passed to tabulate.

Returns
str

DataFrame in Markdown-friendly format.

Notes

Requires the tabulate package.

Examples

>>> df = pd.DataFrame(
...     data={"animal_1": ["elk", "pig"], "animal_2": ["dog", "quetzal"]}
... )
>>> print(df.to_markdown())
|    | animal_1   | animal_2   |
|---:|:-----------|:-----------|
|  0 | elk        | dog        |
|  1 | pig        | quetzal    |

Output markdown with a tabulate option.

>>> print(df.to_markdown(tablefmt="grid"))
+----+------------+------------+
|    | animal_1   | animal_2   |
+====+============+============+
|  0 | elk        | dog        |
+----+------------+------------+
|  1 | pig        | quetzal    |
+----+------------+------------+

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